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Trends of chemical speciation profiles of anthropogenic volatile organic compounds emissions in China, 2005–2020

Wei WEI, Shuxiao WANG, Jiming HAO, Shuiyuan CHENG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第1期   页码 27-41 doi: 10.1007/s11783-012-0461-4

摘要： This study estimates the detailed chemical profiles of China’s anthropogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emissions for the period of 2005–2020. The chemical profiles of VOCs for seven activity sectors are calculated, based on which the Photochemical Ozone Creation Potential (POCP) of VOCs for these sectors is evaluated. At the national level, the VOCs species emitted in 2005 include alkanes, alkenes and alkynes, aromatic compounds, alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, esters, ethers and halocarbons, accounting for 26.4 wt.%, 29.2 wt.%, 21.3 wt.%, 4.7 wt.%, 5.4 wt.%, 1.7 wt.%, 2.1 wt.%, 0.7 wt.% and 2.2 wt.% of total emissions, respectively. And during 2005-2020, their mass proportions would respectively grow or decrease by -6.9%, -32.7%, 7.3%, 65.3%, 34.7%, -48.6%, 108.5%, 100.5%, and 55.4%. This change would bring about a 13% reduction of POCP for national VOCs emissions in the future. Thus, although the national VOCs emissions are expected to increase by 33% over the whole period, its ozone formation potential is estimated to rise only by 14%. Large discrepancies are found in VOCs speciation emissions among provinces. Compared to western provinces, the eastern provinces with a more developed economy would emit unsaturated hydrocarbons and benzene with lower mix ratios, and aromatic compounds except benzene, oxidized hydrocarbons and halocarbons with higher mix ratios. Such differences lead to lower POCP of VOCs emitted in eastern provinces, and higher POCP of VOCs emitted in western provinces. However, due to the large VOCs emissions from Chinese eastern region, the ozone formation potential of VOCs emission in eastern provinces would be much higher than those in western provinces by about 156%–235%.

关键词： volatile organic compounds (VOCs)     chemical speciation     ozone formation     Photochemical Ozone Creation Potential (POCP)     China    

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Screening the emission sources of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in China by multi-effects evaluation

He NIU,Ziwei MO,Min SHAO,Sihua LU,Shaodong XIE

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-016-0828-z

摘要： We develop a multi-effect evaluation method to assess integrated impact of VOCs. Enable policy-makers to identify important emission sources, regions, and key species. Solvent usage and industrial process are the most important anthropogenic sources. Styrene, toluene, ethylene, benzene, and m/p-xylene are key species to be cut. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) play important roles in the atmosphere via three main pathways: photochemical ozone formation, secondary organic aerosol production, and direct toxicity to humans. Few studies have integrated these effects to prioritize control measures for VOCs sources. In this study, we developed a multi-effects evaluation methodology based on updated emission inventories and source profiles, by combining the ozone formation potential (OFP), secondary organic aerosol potential (SOAP), and VOC toxicity data. We derived species-specific emission inventories for 152 sources. The OFPs, SOAPs, and toxicity of each source were estimated, the contribution and sharing of source to each of these adverse effects were calculated. Weightings were given to the three adverse effects by expert scoring, and then the integrated effect was determined. Taking 2012 as the base year, solvent use and industrial process were found to be the most important anthropogenic sources, accounting for 24.2% and 23.1% of the integrated effect, respectively, followed by biomass burning, transportation, and fossil fuel combustion, each had a similar contribution ranging from 16.7% to 18.6%. The top five industrial sources, including plastic products, rubber products, chemical fiber products, the chemical industry, and oil refining, accounted for nearly 70.0% of industrial emissions. Beijing, Chongqing, Shanghai, Jiangsu, and Guangdong were the five provinces contributing the largest integrated effects. For the VOC species from emissions showed the largest contributions were styrene, toluene, ethylene, benzene, and m/p-xylene.

关键词： Ozone formation     Secondary organic aerosol     Multi-effects evaluation     VOC abatement strategy    

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and bacteriophage MS2 disinfection by UV, ozone and the combined UV and ozone processes

Jingyun FANG,Huiling LIU,Chii SHANG,Minzhen ZENG,Mengling NI,Wei LIU

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第4期   页码 547-552 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0620-2

摘要： The combination of low-dose ozone with ultraviolet (UV) irradiation should be an option to give benefit to disinfection and reduce drawbacks of UV and ozone disinfection. However, less is known about the disinfection performance of UV and ozone (UV/ozone) coexposure and sequential UV-followed-by-ozone (UV-ozone) and ozone-followed-by-UV (ozone-UV) exposures. In this study, inactivation of and bacteriophage MS2 by UV, ozone, UV/ozone coexposure, and sequential UV-ozone and ozone-UV exposures was investigated and compared. Synergistic effects of 0.5–0.9 log kill on inactivation, including increases in the rate and efficiency, were observed after the UV/ozone coexposure at ozone concentrations as low as 0.05 mg·L in ultrapure water. The coexposure with 0.02-mg·L ozone did not enhance the inactivation but repressed photoreactivation. Little enhancement on inactivation was found after the sequential UV-ozone or ozone-UV exposures. The synergistic effect on MS2 inactivation was less significant after the UV/ozone coexposure, and more significant after the sequential ozone-UV and UV-ozone exposures, which was 0.2 log kill for the former and 0.8 log kill for the latter two processes, at ozone dose of 0.1 mg·L and UV dose of 8.55 mJ·cm in ultrapure water. The synergistic effects on disinfection were also observed in tap water. These results show that the combination of UV and low-dose ozone is a promising technology for securing microbiological quality of water.

关键词： bacteria inactivation     photoreactivation     water disinfection     UV     ozone    

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Collaborative control of fine particles and ozone required in China for health benefit

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第8期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1692-2

摘要：

● Increased DAAO offsets 3/4 of the decrease of DAAP in 2013–2020.

关键词： Excess deaths     Long-term exposure     Fine particle     Ozone    

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Elucidate long-term changes of ozone in Shanghai based on an integrated machine learning method

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第11期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1738-5

摘要：

● A novel integrated machine learning method to analyze O3 changes is proposed.

关键词： Ozone     Integrated method     Machine learning    

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Photochemical indicators of ozone sensitivity: application in the Pearl River Delta, China

Lyumeng Ye,Xuemei Wang,Shaofeng Fan,Weihua Chen,Ming Chang,Shengzhen Zhou,Zhiyong Wu,Qi Fan

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-016-0887-1

摘要： The distribution of NO - and VOC-sensitive regimes in the PRD are identified. The effectiveness of six popular chemical indicators for discriminating O sensitivity regimes is evaluated. Threshold levels for HCHO/NO , H O /HNO , O /NO , O /NO , O /HNO were derived and verified. The indicators H O /HNO and H O /NO performed best and maintained relatively stable threshold levels. Surface O production has a highly nonlinear relationship with its precursors. The spatial and temporal heterogeneity of O -NO -VOC-sensitivity regimes complicates the control- decision making. In this paper, the indicator method was used to establish the relationship between O sensitivity and assessment indicators. Six popular ratios indicating ozone-precursor sensitivity, HCHO/NO , H O /HNO , O /NO , O /NO , O /HNO , and H O /NO , were evaluated based on the distribution of NO - and VOC-sensitive regimes. WRF-Chem was used to study a serious ozone episode in fall over the Pearl River Delta (PRD). It was found that the south-west of the PRD is characterized by a VOC-sensitive regime, while its north-east is NO -sensitive, with a sharp transition area between the two regimes. All indicators produced good representations of the elevated ozone hours in the episode on 6 November 2009, with H O /HNO being the best indicator. The threshold sensitivity levels for HCHO/NO , H O /HNO , O /NO , O /NO , O /HNO , and H O /NO were estimated to be 0.41, 0.55, 10.2, 14.0, 19.1, and 0.38, respectively. Threshold intervals for the indicators H O /HNO , O /NO , O /NO , O /HNO , and H O /NO were able to identify more than 95% of VOC- and NO -sensitive grids. The ozone episode on 16 November 16 2008 was used to independently verify the results, and it was found that only H O /HNO and H O /NO were able to differentiate the ozone sensitivity regime well. Hence, these two ratios are suggested as the most appropriate indicators for identifying fall ozone sensitivity in the PRD. Since the species used for indicators have seasonal variation, the utility of those indicators for other seasons should be investigated in the future work.

关键词： Ozone     Pearl River Delta (PRD)     Sensitivity regime     Photochemical indicator     Threshold levels    

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Prediction and cause investigation of ozone based on a double-stage attention mechanism recurrent neural

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1621-4

摘要：

● Used a double-stage attention mechanism model to predict ozone.

关键词： Ozone prediction     Deep learning     Time series     Attention     Volatile organic compounds    

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Catalytic decomposition of low level ozone with gold nanoparticles supported on activated carbon

Pengyi ZHANG , Bo ZHANG , Rui SHI ,

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2009年 第3卷 第3期   页码 281-288 doi: 10.1007/s11783-009-0032-5

摘要： Highly dispersed gold nanoparticles were supported on coal-based activated carbon (AC) by a sol immobilization method and were used to investigate their catalytic activity for low-level ozone decomposition at ambient temperature. Nitrogen adsorption-desorption, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to characterize the catalysts before and after ozone decomposition. The results showed that the supported gold nanoparticles prepared with microwave heating were much smaller and more uniformly dispersed on the activated carbon than those prepared with traditional conduction heating, exhibiting higher catalytic activity for ozone decomposition. The pH values of gold precursor solution significantly influenced the catalytic activity of supported gold for ozone decomposition, and the best pH value was 8. In the case of space velocity of 120000h, inlet ozone concentration of 50mg/m, and relative humidity of 45%, the Au/AC catalyst maintained the ozone removal ratio at 90.7% after 2500min. After being used for ozone decomposition, the surface carbon of the catalyst was partly oxidized and the oxygen content increased accordingly, while its specific surface area and pore volume only decreased a little. Ozone was mainly catalytically decomposed by the gold nanoparticles supported on the activated carbon.

关键词： ozone decomposition     activated carbon     gold nanoparticles     catalysis     sodium citrate     microwave    

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Combined process of biofiltration and ozone oxidation as an advanced treatment process for wastewater

Xinwei LI,Hanchang SHI,Kuixiao LI,Liang ZHANG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年 第9卷 第6期   页码 1076-1083 doi: 10.1007/s11783-015-0770-5

摘要： The effluent of a wastewater treatment plant was treated in a pilot plant for reclaimed water production through the denitrification biofilter (DNBF) process, ozonation (O ), and biologic aerated filtration (BAF). The combined process demonstrated good removal performance of conventional pollutants, including concentrations of chemical oxygen demand (27.8 mg·L ) and total nitrogen (9.9 mg·L ) in the final effluent, which met the local discharge standards and water reuse purposes. Micropollutants (e.g., antibiotics and endocrine-disrupting chemicals) were also significantly removed during the proposed process. Ozonation exhibited high antibiotic removal efficiencies, especially for tetracycline (94%). However, micropollutant removal efficiency was negatively affected by the nitrite produced by DNBF. Acute toxicity variations of the combined process were estimated by utilizing luminescent bacteria. Inhibition rate increased from 9% to 15% during ozonation. Carbonyl compound concentrations (e.g., aldehydes and ketones) also increased by 58% as by-products, which consequently increased toxicity. However, toxicity eventually became as low as that of the influent because the by-products were effectively removed by BAF. The combined DNBF/O /BAF process is suitable for the advanced treatment of reclaimed water because it can thoroughly remove pollutants and toxicity.

关键词： wastewater treatment     micropollutant removal     ozonation     biofiltration     toxicity    

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Pyrene partition behavior to the NOM: Effect of NOM characteristics and its modification by ozone preoxidation

Jin GUO, Jun MA

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2009年 第3卷 第1期   页码 56-61 doi: 10.1007/s11783-009-0003-x

摘要： Hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs)—pyrene, and natural organic matters (NOM) from different sources were taken as the test compounds to investigate the impact of physicochemical characteristics of NOM on HOCs’ partition to the NOM in this study. The effects of solution property, NOM characteristics, and modification by ozone preoxidation on pyrene partition to NOM were systematically evaluated. According to the fluorescence quenching method, the partition coefficient of pyrene to NOM was calculated, which was found to have a great relationship with the aromatic structures and hydrophobic functional groups of the NOM. The NOM characteristic modification corresponding to solution property could influence the interactions between the NOM and pyrene. Preozonation could destroy the aromatic or hydrophobic structures of the NOM and decrease of pyrene.

关键词： natural organic matters (NOM)     pyrene     partition coefficient     ozone    

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Room temperature oxidation of acetone by ozone over alumina-supported manganese and cobalt mixed oxides

Mehraneh Ghavami, Mostafa Aghbolaghy, Jafar Soltan, Ning Chen

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第6期   页码 937-947 doi: 10.1007/s11705-019-1900-6

摘要： Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are among the major sources of air pollution. Catalytic ozonation is an efficient process for removing VOCs at lower reaction temperature compared to catalytic oxidation. In this study, a series of alumina supported single and mixed manganese and cobalt oxides catalysts were used for ozonation of acetone at room temperature. The influence of augmenting the single Mn and Co catalysts were investigated on the performance and structure of the catalyst. The manganese and cobalt single and mixed oxides catalysts of the formula Mn10%-CoX and Co10%-MnX (where X= 0, 2.5%, 5%, or 10%) were prepared. It was found that addition of Mn and Co at lower loading levels (2.5% or 5%) to single metal oxide catalysts enhanced the catalytic activity. The mixed oxides catalysts of (Mn10%-Co2.5%) and (Mn10%-Co5%) led to acetone conversion of about 84%. It is concluded that lower oxidation state of the secondary metal improves ozone decomposition and oxidation of acetone.

关键词： ozone     VOC     manganese oxides     cobalt oxides     alumina support    

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Air pollution affects food security in China: taking ozone as an example

Zhaozhong FENG,Xuejun LIU,Fusuo ZHANG

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年 第2卷 第2期   页码 152-158 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2015067

摘要： Air pollution is becoming an increasingly important environmental concern due to its visible negative impact on human health. However, air pollution also affects agricultural crops or food security directly or indirectly, which has not so far received sufficient attention. In this overview, we take ozone (O ) as an example to analyze the principles and extent of the impact of air pollution on food security in China based on a review of the literature. Current O pollution shows a clear negative impact on food security, causing around a 10% yield decrease for major cereal crops according to a large number of field studies around the world. The mean yield decrease of winter wheat is predicted to be up to 20% in China, based on the projection of future ground-level O concentration in 2020, if no pollution control measures are implemented. Strict mitigation of NO and VOC (two major precursors of O ) emissions is crucial for reducing the negative impacts of ground-level O on food security. Breeding new crop cultivars with tolerance to high ground-level O should receive serious consideration in future research programs. In addition, integrated soil-crop system management will be an important option to mitigate the negative effects of elevated ground-level O on cereal crop production and food quality.

关键词： air pollution     ozone damage     anthropogenic activity     crop production     mitigation of reactive N emission    

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Submerged arc plasma system combined with ozone oxidation for the treatment of wastewater containing

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1384-0

摘要：

• Submerged arc plasma was introduced in terms of wastewater treatment.

关键词： Thermal plasma     Submerged arc plasma     Wastewater     Ozone     Phenol     Highly energetic electron    

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Precursors and potential sources of ground-level ozone in suburban Shanghai

Kun Zhang, Jialuo Xu, Qing Huang, Lei Zhou, Qingyan Fu, Yusen Duan, Guangli Xiu

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1271-8

摘要： Abstract • Air masses from Zhejiang Province is the major source of O3 in suburban Shanghai. • O3 formation was in VOC-sensitive regime in rural Shanghai. • O3 formation was most sensitive to propylene in rural Shanghai. A high level of ozone (O3) is frequently observed in the suburbs of Shanghai, the reason for this high level remains unclear. To obtain a detailed insight on the high level of O3 during summer in Shanghai, O3 and its precursors were measured at a suburban site in Shanghai from July 1, 2016 to July 31, 2016. Using the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model and concentration weighted trajectories (CWT), we found that Zhejiang province was the main potential source of O3 in suburban Shanghai. When the sampling site was controlled by south-western winds exceeding 2 m/s, the O3-rich air masses from upwind regions (such as Zhejiang province) could be transported to the suburban Shanghai. The propylene-equivalent concentration (PEC) and ozone formation potential (OFP) were further calculated for each VOC species, and the results suggested that propylene, (m+p)-xylene, and toluene played dominant roles in O3 formation. The Ozone Isopleth Plotting Research (OZIPR) model was used to reveal the impact of O3 precursors on O3 formation, and 4 base-cases were selected to adjust the model simulation. An average disparity of 18.20% was achieved between the simulated and observed O3 concentrations. The O3 isopleth diagram illustrated that O3 formation in July 2016 was in VOC-sensitive regime, although the VOC/NOx ratio was greater than 20. By introducing sensitivity (S), a sensitivity analysis was performed for O3 formation. We found that O3 formation was sensitive to propylene, (m+p)-xylene, o-xylene and toluene. The results provide theoretical support for O3 pollution treatment in Shanghai.

关键词： Ozone     OZIPR     Volatile organic compounds     Shanghai     HYSPLIT    

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从中国首台紫外-可见光高光谱卫星仪器反演得到的高空间分辨率臭氧廓线 Article

Fei Zhao, Cheng Liu, Qihou Hu, Congzi Xia, Chengxin Zhang, Wenjing Su

《工程（英文）》 2024年 第32卷 第1期   页码 107-116 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.02.020

摘要：

Understanding the vertical distribution of ozone is crucial when assessing both its horizontal and vertical transport, as well as when analyzing the physical and chemical properties of the atmosphere. One of the most effective ways to obtain high spatial resolution ozone profiles is through satellite observations. The Environmental Trace Gases Monitoring Instrument (EMI) deployed on the Gaofen-5 satellite is the first Chinese ultraviolet-visible hyperspectral spectrometer. However, retrieving ozone profiles using backscattered radiance values measured by the EMI is challenging due to unavailable measurement errors and a low signal-to-noise ratio. The algorithm developed for the Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument did not allow us to retrieve 87% of the EMI pixels. Therefore, we developed an algorithm specific to the characteristics of the EMI. The fitting residuals are smaller than 0.3% in most regions. The retrieved ozone profiles were in good agreement with ozonesonde data, with maximum mean biases of 20% at five latitude bands. By applying EMI averaging kernels to the ozonesonde profiles, the integrated stratospheric column ozone and tropospheric column ozone also showed excellent agreement with ozonesonde data. The lower layers (0–7.5 km) of the EMI ozone profiles reflected the seasonal variation in surface ozone derived from the China National Environmental Monitoring Center (CNEMC). However, the upper layers (9.7–16.7 km) of the ozone profiles show different trends, with the ozone peak occurring at an altitude of 9.7–16.7 km in March. A stratospheric intrusion event in central China from August 11 to 15, 2019, is captured using the EMI ozone profiles, potential vorticity data, and relative humidity data. The increase in the CNEMC ozone concentration showed that downward transport enhanced surface ozone pollution.

关键词： Ozone profiles     EMI     Soft calibration     Floor noise correction     Stratospheric ozone intrusion    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Trends of chemical speciation profiles of anthropogenic volatile organic compounds emissions in China, 2005–2020

Wei WEI, Shuxiao WANG, Jiming HAO, Shuiyuan CHENG

期刊论文

Screening the emission sources of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in China by multi-effects evaluation

He NIU,Ziwei MO,Min SHAO,Sihua LU,Shaodong XIE

期刊论文

and bacteriophage MS2 disinfection by UV, ozone and the combined UV and ozone processes

Jingyun FANG,Huiling LIU,Chii SHANG,Minzhen ZENG,Mengling NI,Wei LIU

期刊论文

Collaborative control of fine particles and ozone required in China for health benefit

期刊论文

Elucidate long-term changes of ozone in Shanghai based on an integrated machine learning method

期刊论文

Photochemical indicators of ozone sensitivity: application in the Pearl River Delta, China

Lyumeng Ye,Xuemei Wang,Shaofeng Fan,Weihua Chen,Ming Chang,Shengzhen Zhou,Zhiyong Wu,Qi Fan

期刊论文

Prediction and cause investigation of ozone based on a double-stage attention mechanism recurrent neural

期刊论文

Catalytic decomposition of low level ozone with gold nanoparticles supported on activated carbon

Pengyi ZHANG , Bo ZHANG , Rui SHI ,

期刊论文

Combined process of biofiltration and ozone oxidation as an advanced treatment process for wastewater

Xinwei LI,Hanchang SHI,Kuixiao LI,Liang ZHANG

期刊论文

Pyrene partition behavior to the NOM: Effect of NOM characteristics and its modification by ozone preoxidation

Jin GUO, Jun MA

期刊论文

Room temperature oxidation of acetone by ozone over alumina-supported manganese and cobalt mixed oxides

Mehraneh Ghavami, Mostafa Aghbolaghy, Jafar Soltan, Ning Chen

期刊论文

Air pollution affects food security in China: taking ozone as an example

Zhaozhong FENG,Xuejun LIU,Fusuo ZHANG

期刊论文

Submerged arc plasma system combined with ozone oxidation for the treatment of wastewater containing

期刊论文

Precursors and potential sources of ground-level ozone in suburban Shanghai

Kun Zhang, Jialuo Xu, Qing Huang, Lei Zhou, Qingyan Fu, Yusen Duan, Guangli Xiu

期刊论文

从中国首台紫外-可见光高光谱卫星仪器反演得到的高空间分辨率臭氧廓线

Fei Zhao, Cheng Liu, Qihou Hu, Congzi Xia, Chengxin Zhang, Wenjing Su

期刊论文